Spectrometer I - Refractive index of the prism.

PROCEDURE: I. To determine the angle of the prism 1. The preliminary adjustments for telescope, prism and the collimator are done. 2. The slit is illuminated by a sodium vapour lamp. The prism table is mounted vertically. 3. The refracting edge of the prism placed facing the collimator. 4. The image on one side is seen through through the telescope and the vernier readings (R1) are noted. 5. The image on other side is seen through through the telescope and the vernier readings (R2) are noted. 6. 2A = R1  R2  hence the angle of the prism ‘A’ is determined using A =  II. To determine the angle of minimum deviation 1. The edge of the prism is placed facing away from the collimator. 2. The refracting image is obtained in the telescope. The prism table is slowly rotated. 3. The image moves, then stops and turns back. The position of the image where the image stops and turns back is the minimum deviation. 4. The vernier readings (R3) are noted at this position and the direct ray reading (R4) are noted. 5. D = R3  R4  hence the angle of minimum deviation ‘D’ is determined using D =  www.Padasalai.Net Dist. Sec. TNHSPGTA Kanchipuram Dist. A.

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Young’s Modulus ‘Y’ By Searle’s Method

Aim: To determine Young’s modulus of elasticity of the material of a given wire by Searle’s method. Procedure: i. Arrange the experimental set up as shown in diagram. Attach a zero load (slotted hanger it self) and dead load (E) to the frames of the experimental wire and dummy wire respectively so that the wires become free of kinks and remain vertically straight. ii. With the help of micrometer screw gauge, find the correct diameter of the wire at three different places. At every place two readings of the micrometer are taken while holding it in one position and another perpendicular to it by rotating through 90°. iii. In all, six readings of the diameter of the wire are taken. Hence mean diameter and radius of the wire is found out. iv. Adjust the spirit level so that the air bubble is at the centre. Note down the reading of the micrometer screw (M) attached to it. This is zero reading. (This contains main scale reading ...

SAFETY IN THE PHYSICS LABORATORY

In the physics laboratory, carelessness can lead to accidents causing injury to you or to your neighbor. Some instruments are costly. If such an instrument is damaged in an accident, it can paralyze the work of the whole class. Proper handling of apparatus and other materials can prevent majority of accidents. Remember the following points and act on them, while working in the physics laboratory. (i) Put off the gas to extinguish the flame of a burner. Do not use any solid or liquid for this purpose (like putting a cap or pouring water as for extinguishing burning coal). (ii) Do not throw any broken glass ware, etc. in the sink. Such things should be thrown into the waste basket. (iii) Do not talk to other students in the laboratory while performing the experiment. In case you have any difficulty, consult your tutor. Of course, if you are a team of two or three students working on same experiment on the same apparatus, you can talk about the experiment among yours...

laboratory work

Introduction The crucial role of practical work and experimentation in science curriculum is universally accepted. This is more so in chemistry which is an experimental science. Most of the concepts in this area are better understood by doing the practical work. The aims and objectives of practical work in the laboratory can be stated as follows: 1. better understanding of scientific concepts and principles. 2. promotion of basic skills and competencies (procedural and manipulative skills, observational skills, drawing skills, reporting and interpretation skills). 3. awakening and maintaining curiosity in the learning environment. The laboratory work is an indispensable part of chemistry instruction. Despite several laudable efforts in the past, experiments, by and large, have continued to be marginalised in school education, and have not received the due importance. There are several factors which contribute towards neglect of the labora...

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